The 19-year-old will join the Magpies as cover for the injured Jose Enrique for one month.
The Holland Under-21 international spent the first half of the season on loan at Coventry.
Newcastle manager Chris Hughton admits he was impressed by the Dutchman when his side played Coventry earlier in the season.
“I certainly liked what I saw that night,” he told the club’s official website.
“I’ve also heard a lot of good things about him and he is a player who is very highly thought of at Chelsea.
“The move was, of course, a reaction to Jose Enrique’s injury but we’re very excited about having Patrick with us.
“He will give us energy and it’s a good chance to have a look at him over the next month.”
